#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <exception>

int main(){
	try{
		//convert to numeric type
		std::cout << std::stoi("  77") << std::endl;
		std::cout << std::stod("  77.7") << std::endl;
		std::cout << std::stoi("-0x77") << std::endl;

		//use index of characters not processed 
		std::size_t idx;
		std::cout << std::stoi("  42 is the truth", &idx) << std::endl;
		std::cout << "  idx of first unprocessed char:	" << idx << std::endl;

		//use bases 16 and 8
		std::cout << std::stoi("  42", nullptr, 16) << std::endl;
		std::cout << std::stoi("789", &idx, 8) << std::endl;
		std::cout << " idx of first nuprocessed char:	" << idx << std::endl;

		//convert numeric vlaue to string
		long long ll = std::numeric_limits<long long>::max();
		std::string s = std::to_string(ll);		//converts maximum long long to string
		std::cout << s << std::endl;
		
		//try to convert back
		std::cout << std::stoi(s) << std::endl;		//throws out_of_range
	}catch(const std::exception& e){
		std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
	}
	return 0;
}